THC
Everything about THC
What is THC?
THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, is the primary active molecule in cannabis: its content varies from about 4 to 9% in cannabis herbs, while cannabis resin contains between 8 and 30%. Other cannabinoids are present in cannabis: cannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabivarin, cannabicyclol.
What is the difference between THC and CBD?
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) are two naturally occurring chemical compounds in the cannabis plant, but they differ significantly in terms of effects and properties. THC is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, responsible for psychotropic effects such as euphoria and altered perception. It acts by binding to the brain’s cannabinoid receptors.
On the other hand, CBD is non-psychoactive, meaning it does not affect mental state in the same way as THC. It is instead associated with potential therapeutic properties, particularly in pain management, anxiety, inflammation, and epilepsy. Due to its non-toxicity and minimal side effects, CBD has become a popular ingredient in many wellness products. However, it’s important to note that laws regulating THC and CBD vary from country to country.
Mode of action of THC on the body.
THC acts on the body by activating cannabinoid receptors. There are two types of THC receptors:
1. CB1 receptors, found on brain cells: these are present in the limbic system, where they play a role in emotions, in the cortex, the hippocampus (involved in memory), the thalamus (important for sensory perceptions), and in the cerebellum, which is involved in motor function. The existence of these receptors suggests the presence of endogenous cannabinoids, such as anandamide, a derivative of fatty acids, which binds to the CB1 receptor.
2. CB2 receptors, found on immune cells.
In rats, the injection of THC leads to a release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter involved in the reward circuit. THC can be stored in fats and brain cells, which explains why its effects can linger even 24 hours after cannabis consumption. THC also influences hormone levels related to reproduction (LH, FSH).